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Angular is an open-source, JavaScript framework written in TypeScript. Google maintains it, and its primary purpose is to develop single-page applications. As a framework, Angular has clear advantages while also providing a standard structure for developers to work with. It enables users to create large applications in a maintainable manner.
JavaScript is the most commonly used client-side scripting language. It is written into HTML documents to enable interactions with web pages in many unique ways. As a relatively easy-to-learn language with pervasive support, it is well-suited to develop modern applications. With respect to front-end web development, Angular addresses many, if not all, of the issues developers face when using JavaScript on its own.
Angular JS
Called Angular 1 by some, AngularJS is a front-end open-source web application framework based on JavaScript. It was created to facilitate application development and testing, providing a framework for the model-view-controller (MVC) and model-view-ViewModel (MVVM) architectures on the client side.
Angular 2
Angular 2 is a complete rewrite of AngularJS and is considered a different framework from its predecessor. It uses a component-based approach, has more advanced features, and has a better code structure.
Angular 4
Angular 4 came with a new package of features, including a more efficient, more accessible library to create HTTP requests, HttpClient.
Angular 5
This version of Angular was released in 2017. The key improvements introduced by Angular 5 include support for progressive web applications and the build optimiser.
Angular 6
Angular 6 focused heavily on add-ons and tools for the framework itself. It emphasised updating, Angular elements, Angular Material + CDK components, CLI workspaces, library support, etc.
Angular 7
Angular 7 introduced updates for application performance, Angular Material & CDK, virtual scrolling, improved selection accessibility, ensuring better mobile application development with Angular CLI prompts and more.
Angular 8
Angular 8 was a major release that included new vital features like dynamic imports for lazy routes, network robots, TypeScript 3.4 and Angular Ivy support as options preview, and differential loading for all application code.
Angular 9
Angular 9 brings all applications to use the Ivy compiler and runtime. Angular has been updated to work with TypeScript 3.6 and 3.7. It is from the Ivy compiler that is Angular best known.
Angular 10
Soon after version 9, Angular 10 was released. It introduced new features like a new default browser configuration, CommonJS import warnings, and a new date range selector (Material UI library).
Angular 11
Angular 11 was released with updates on Operation Byelog, improved reporting and logging, faster builds, automatic inlining of fonts, etc.
Angular 12
Angular 12 comes with some stylish improvements and documentation changes have also been made to help learn Angular.
Document Object Model
DOM (Document Object Model) treats an XML or HTML document as a tree structure in which each node represents a part of the document.
Angular uses regular DOM. Consider that ten updates are made on the same HTML page. Instead of updating the ones that were already updated, Angular will update the entire tree structure of HTML tags.
TypeScript
TypeScript defines a set of types to JavaScript, which helps users write JavaScript code that is easier to understand. All of the TypeScript code compiles with JavaScript and can run smoothly on any platform. TypeScript is not compulsory for developing an Angular application. However, it is highly recommended as it offers better syntactic structure—while making the codebase easier to understand and maintain.
Data Binding
Data binding is a process that enables users to manipulate web page elements through a web browser. It employs dynamic HTML and does not require complex scripting or programming. Data binding is used in web pages that include interactive components, such as calculators, tutorials, forums, and games. It also enables a better incremental display of a web page when pages contain a large amount of data.
Angular uses two-way binding. The model state reflects any changes made in the corresponding UI elements. Conversely, the UI state reflects any changes in the model state. This feature enables the framework to connect the DOM to the model data through the controller.
Testing
Angular uses the Jasmine testing framework. The Jasmine framework provides multiple functionalities to write different kinds of test cases. Karma is the task-runner for the tests that uses a configuration file to set the start-up, reporters, and testing framework.
