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AJAX is an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. It is not a programming language but a combination of web application development technologies that make web applications more responsive to user interaction. These technologies include HTML, XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, DOM, XML, XSLT and XMLHttpRequest object. Whenever users interact with a web application, such as when they click buttons or checkmark boxes, the browser exchanges data with the remote server. Data exchange can cause pages to reload and interrupt the user experience. With AJAX, web applications can send and receive data in the background so that only small portions of the page refresh as required.
AJAX applications are much more faster and responsive as compared to traditional web applications. It creates a great balance between the client and the server by allowing them to communicate in the background while the user is working in the foreground. In the AJAX applications, the exchange of data between a web browser and the server is asynchronous means AJAX applications submit requests to the web server without pausing the execution of the application and can also process the requested data whenever it is returned. For example, Facebook uses the AJAX model so whenever we like any post the count of the like button increases instead of refreshing the whole page.
XHTML, HTML, and CSS
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML), HTML, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are markup languages. You can use them to inform web browsers about the design and style of your webpage's content. For example, XHTML or HTML can be used to position the text and images on a webpage. Then, CSS for changing the font type and background colour.
XML
XML is a programming language that allows different applications to exchange data. As data is represented differently in various applications, you can use XML to frame the data in plain text. AJAX applications can then exchange and process data in a common XML format.
XMLHttpRequest
XMLHttpRequest is an API that allows web browsers to communicate with the web server asynchronously. You can use the XMLHttpRequest object to send partial webpage information to the server in XML format.
JavaScript
JavaScript is a scripting language for serving dynamic content to webpages. Dynamic content refers to webpage information that updates in real-time or depends on user interactions.
Document Object Model
The Document Object Model (DOM) organizes HTML and XML pages in a tree-like structure. DOM consists of nodes that branch into more child nodes or objects. It allows you to style or modify codes on specific pages more efficiently.
It creates responsive and interactive web applications.
It supports the development of patterns and frameworks that decrease the development time.
It makes the best use of existing technology and features instead of using some new technology.
It makes an asynchronous call to the web server which means the client doesn't have to wait for the data to arrive before starting rendering.
AJAX is fully dependent on Javascript. So if anything happens with javascript in the browser AJAX will not support it.
The debugging of AJAX applications is difficult.
Bookmarking of AJAX-enabled pages required pre-planning.
If one request can fail then it can fail the load of the whole webpage.
